Michigan Public Policy Survey Questions and Data Tables

In your opinion, how difficult would it be to implement a co-responder or alternative responder program in your community?

Would significant additional funding make you more likely to support the introduction of a coresponder or alternative responder program in your community? (Among those who oppose co-responder and alternative responder programs in their community)

The Michigan Legislature recently enacted an "Extreme Risk Protection Order Act" — sometimes referred to as a “red flag” law. This law provides for the issuance of Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs), which temporarily prohibit individuals judged to be at high risk of harming themselves or others from purchasing or possessing firearms.  How familiar would you say you are with this new law?

The Extreme Risk Protection Order Act allows several different categories of people— including family members, mental health professionals, and law enforcement officers—to file an ERPO petition. When thinking about the new ERPO Act, how confident are you that local law enforcement officers have sufficient training to decide when an ERPO is appropriate? (Among respondents who are not completely unfamiliar with Michigan's ERPO law)

The Extreme Risk Protection Order Act allows several different categories of people— including family members, mental health professionals, and law enforcement officers—to file an ERPO petition. When thinking about the new ERPO Act, how confident are you that local officers have sufficient training on the process for petitioning the court for an ERPO? (Among respondents who are not completely unfamiliar with Michigan's ERPO law)

The Extreme Risk Protection Order Act allows several different categories of people— including family members, mental health professionals, and law enforcement officers—to file an ERPO petition. When thinking about the new ERPO Act, how confident are you that local non-law enforcement petitioners will use the ERPO process correctly?  (Among respondents who are not completely unfamiliar with Michigan's ERPO law)

The Extreme Risk Protection Order Act allows several different categories of people— including family members, mental health professionals, and law enforcement officers—to file an ERPO petition. When thinking about the new ERPO Act, how confident are you that local law enforcement officers will be safe when serving an ERPO in your county? (Among respondents who are not completely unfamiliar with Michigan's ERPO law)

Next, thinking about the policing equipment and technology used by the primary law enforcement agency serving your jurisdiction, to the best of your knowledge, how likely or unlikely is it that law enforcement will use unmanned aerial vehicles (i.e., drones)  in the near future, or are they already being used? (Among jurisdictions that provide law enforcement services directly or indirectly)

Next, thinking about the policing equipment and technology used by the primary law enforcement agency serving your jurisdiction, to the best of your knowledge, how likely or unlikely is it that law enforcement will use dashboard cameras in the near future, or are they already being used? (Among jurisdictions that provide law enforcement services directly or indirectly)

Next, thinking about the policing equipment and technology used by the primary law enforcement agency serving your jurisdiction, to the best of your knowledge, how likely or unlikely is it that law enforcement will use body cameras  in the near future, or are they already being used? (Among jurisdictions that provide law enforcement services directly or indirectly)

Next, thinking about the policing equipment and technology used by the primary law enforcement agency serving your jurisdiction, to the best of your knowledge, how likely or unlikely is it that law enforcement will use other public surveillance cameras (e.g., on buildings, streetlights, etc.)  in the near future, or are they already being used? (Among jurisdictions that provide law enforcement services directly or indirectly)

Next, thinking about the policing equipment and technology used by the primary law enforcement agency serving your jurisdiction, to the best of your knowledge, how likely or unlikely is it that law enforcement will use automated license plate readers  in the near future, or are they already being used? (Among jurisdictions that provide law enforcement services directly or indirectly)

Next, thinking about the policing equipment and technology used by the primary law enforcement agency serving your jurisdiction, to the best of your knowledge, how likely or unlikely is it that law enforcement will use facial recognition technology  in the near future, or is it already being used? (Among jurisdictions that provide law enforcement services directly or indirectly)

Next, thinking about the policing equipment and technology used by the primary law enforcement agency serving your jurisdiction, to the best of your knowledge, how likely or unlikely is it that law enforcement will use predictive policing tools (e.g., using AI to help anticipate or assess crime)  in the near future, or are they already being used? (Among jurisdictions that provide law enforcement services directly or indirectly)

Thinking about the positives and negatives of using   unmanned aerial vehicles (e.g., financial impacts, reduced crime, community opposition to a technology, etc.), do you agree or disagree that they have been a worthwhile investment for your community? (Among jurisdictions which report their primary law enforcement agency already uses this equipment)

Thinking about the positives and negatives of using dashboard cameras (e.g., financial impacts, reduced crime, community opposition to a technology, etc.), do you agree or disagree that they have been a worthwhile investment for your community?  (Among jurisdictions which report their primary law enforcement agency already uses this equipment)

Thinking about the positives and negatives of using body cameras (e.g., financial impacts, reduced crime, community opposition to a technology, etc.), do you agree or disagree that they have been a worthwhile investment for your community?  (Among jurisdictions which report their primary law enforcement agency already uses this equipment)

Thinking about the positives and negatives of using other public surveillance cameras (e.g., financial impacts, reduced crime, community opposition to a technology, etc.), do you agree or disagree that they have been a worthwhile investment for your community?  (Among jurisdictions which report their primary law enforcement agency already uses this equipment)

Thinking about the positives and negatives of using   automated license plate readers (e.g., financial impacts, reduced crime, community opposition to a technology, etc.), do you agree or disagree that they have been a worthwhile investment for your community?  (Among jurisdictions which report their primary law enforcement agency already uses this equipment)

Thinking about the positives and negatives of using facial recognition technology  (e.g., financial impacts, reduced crime, community opposition to a technology, etc.), do you agree or disagree that they have been a worthwhile investment for your community?    (Among jurisdictions which report their primary law enforcement agency already uses this equipment)

Thinking about the positives and negatives of predictive policing tools (e.g., using AI to help anticipate or assess crime)  (e.g., financial impacts, reduced crime, community opposition to a technology, etc.), do you agree or disagree that they have been a worthwhile investment for your community?

In some places, automated tools make assessments about public safety risks that in the past were made by people. For example, keyword tracking software may be used to monitor social media for events where a crime might happen. In your opinion, are the assessments made by these tools generally more or less accurate than those made by humans? 

Some people believe that law enforcement officers whose actions cause harm or violate individuals’ civil rights should be held legally accountable. Others think they should be protected due to the nature of their job. Although every case is unique, in general, do you agree or disagree that law enforcement officers should be held legally accountable if they are found to have engaged in misconduct?

In your opinion, overall, how confident are residents in your community that instances of law enforcement officers’ misconduct will be dealt with effectively?

Regardless of whether or not various systems are currently in place to address law enforcement misconduct, to what extent would you support or oppose a nationwide and/or statewide database identifying law enforcement officers with misconduct charges or job terminations, accessible only to law enforcement agencies?