Michigan Public Policy Survey Questions and Data Tables

Thinking about the potential effects of COVID-19 in your community and in Michigan overall, please identify the impacts so far (or those you expect to hit soon) on local or regional emergency response capability (police/sheriff, EMS, hospitals, etc.).

As far as you know, have problems with opioids put additional burden (e.g., need for more police training, increased EMS calls, etc.) on county and/or local government emergency medical services (EMS) provided in your jurisdiction? (Among jurisdictions that reported problems associated with opioids in the jurisdiction)

In your role as a local official, how satisfied are you with the ambulance/emergency medical services (EMS) provided in your jurisdiction?

Which of the following best describes your jurisdiction’s primary service delivery arrangement, if any, for medical transport services (e.g., ambulance)?

How likely is it that your jurisdiction will change its service delivery arrangement (e.g., provided directly, indirectly via contract, etc.) for ambulance services in the next 2 years?

Which public safety unit most often provides an emergency medical response in your jurisdiction?

Thinking about the primary service delivery arrangement in your jurisdiction for ambulance/EMS, do you think your jurisdiction pays too much, about the right amount, or not enough of the total costs of services provided, or does your jurisdiction not share service delivery for ambulance/EMS?

To what extent do you agree or disagree that your jurisdiction has enough funding to meet its current ambulance/EMS needs?

Now, do you think your jurisdiction appropriates too much, about the right amount, or too little funding to meet its ambulance/EMS needs? (Among jurisdictions that reported having enough funding to meet their current ambulance/EMS needs)

In recent years, has your jurisdiction tried to raise local funding for ambulance / EMS through either new or renewed public safety millage(s) or special assessment(s)?

Would you, in your role as a local official, support or oppose your jurisdiction pursuing additional local funding for ambulance/EMS services through either a new millage or special assessment?

Do any of the public safety departments that serve your jurisdiction offset expenses by using cost recovery policies/ordinances (for example, charging for fire runs, hazardous material incidents, police calls, or imposing extra fees on the drunken drivers or moving vehicle citations, etc.) for ambulance/EMS?

Thinking about any important aspects of the cost recovery policies/ordinances used in your jurisdiction (e.g., cost savings, collection issues, public satisfaction), overall, would you say you have been generally satisfied or dissatisfied with the use of cost recovery for ambulance/EMS? (Among jurisdictions that report using cost recovery policies/ordinances for ambulance/EMS)

Thinking about fire and medical issues, to what extent, if any, would you say traffic accidents are currently (or have recently been) problems in your jurisdiction?

Thinking about fire and medical issues, to what extent, if any, would you say other medical emergencies are currently (or have recently been) problems in your jurisdiction?

Thinking about fire and medical issues, to what extent, if any, would you say distance to the nearest hospital is currently (or has recently been) a problem in your jurisdiction?

To what extent do you agree or disagree that most people feel confident that first responders will arrive in time to handle a medical emergency in your jurisdiction?

To what extent do you agree or disagree that EMS services in your jurisdiction are more effective now than they were 5 years ago?

How satisfied do you think the majority of your citizens are with the ambulance / emergency medical services (EMS) provided in your jurisdiction?

What is the extent of your jurisdiction's collaboration for 911 emergency services? (Among jurisdictions involved in collaborative effort(s))

Is your jurisdiction studying and/or planning any new or significantly expanded collaborative efforts for 911 emergency services? (Among jurisdictions studying, planning new, or expanding existing collaboration)